Latest Update!

Project now completed, see Research Project section for research outputs.

More detailed information of acid tars available in Acid Tars section.

Final updates to follow!

Source

Density(kg/m 3)

Frolov et al 1980

1160-1430

Xu 2005

Liquid tar 1070
Weathered black tar 1020
Weathered green tar 1060
Weathered particulate tar 1140

Source

Composition

Banks et al 1998

Phenols, PAHs, NSO 1, Mineral oil, TEM 2, Aromatics, Sulphuric acid, Cl, Ammonia

Nesbit et al 1995

Free tar phase (asphaltenes, polar hydrocarbons, mid-distillate hydrocarbons;

Free flowing oil (mid-distillate saturated hydrocarbons);

Sulphate contaminated made ground and natural strata.

Another description : tar product, fuller’s earth and free flowing lubricating oils.

Frolov et al 1981

Oils: paraffins+naphthenes, monocyclic aromatics, bicyclic aromatics, polycyclic aromatics; (61-67.2 wt %)

Resins: benzene soluble, alcohol/benzene soluble; (13.0-31.2 wt %)

Asphaltenes. (4.0-10 wt %)

Nancarrow et al 2001

Aliphatic hydrocarbons; aromatic hydrocarbons; phenols; metals; organic acids; sulphonated hydrocarbons; and gases such as hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and methane.

Source

Acid (%)

Organic (%)

Water (%)

Bukharkina et al 1991

Oil fraction purification

37.6+16.3 a

42.1

4

Frolov et al 1980

Fresh tars

40-50

37.5-45.0

12.8-15.0 b

2.75-8.0

(0.076 ash)

Settling ponds upper layer

0.016-0.036

75- 86

64.0-75.3

2.4-11.0

(9.4-11.8 resins)

Settling ponds 0.5m depth

0.22

54.0

45.0

42.0

(9.0 resins, 0.47 ash)

Settling ponds 2.5m depth

12.3

42.0

20.0

28.0

(22.0 resins, 5.9 ash)

Kerr and Probert 1990

Wt %

C (25.12-27.15), H (2.38-3.39), O (4.63-5.72),

N (0.05-0.34), S (2.68-3.18)

Source

pH

Banks et al 1998

0.8-3.9

Miline et al 1986

<1

Nesbit et al 1995

<1

Chambers 2001

0.8-3.5

Grajczak et al 1995

0.3-2.12

Nancarrow et al 2001

Benzole refining

2 or lower

White oil production

Most acidic, below 1

Oil re-refining

2 or lower